Call
- published functions that may be called with a set of argumentsError
- used to inform users why a function invocation (Call
) failedEvent
- pallets can emit events to make users aware of some state changesLog
- an extensible header itemMetadata
- information that allows inspection of the aboveOrigin
- specifies the source of a function invocation (Call
)The terms "authorities" and "validators" may sometimes seem to refer the same thing. "Validators" is a broader term that can include other aspects of chain maintenance such as parachain validation. In general authorities are a (non-strict) subset of validators and many validators will be authorities.
O(n²)
, where n
is the number of nodes (participants) in the system.bottom drive obey lake curtain smoke basket hold race lonely fit walk
.subkey
, allow users to implicitly specify the dev phrase by only specifying a derivation path such as //Alice
.Call
by convention) and interpreting it in order to call a published function in a runtime module ("pallet") with some arguments. Such published functions take one additional parameter, known as origin
, that allows the function to securely determine the provenance of its execution.p
, that a proposed block, denoted by B
, will remain in the canonical chain; as more blocks are produced on top of B
, p
approaches 1.decl_event!
, decl_error!
, decl_storage!
, decl_module!
and compose pallets (e.g. construct_runtime!
into a working runtime that can easily be used to power a Substrate-based blockchain. The convention used in the Substrate codebase is to preface FRAME's core modules with frame_
and the optional pallets with pallet_*
. For instance, the macros mentioned above are all defined in the frame_support
module and all FRAME-based runtimes must include the frame_system
module. Once the frame_support::construct_runtime
macro has been used to create a runtime that includes the frame_system
module, optional pallets such as the Balances pallet may be used to extend the runtimes core capabilities.